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上期翻译答案
The findings suggest that the energy expenditure required to chewmay also explainwhy we developed such strong teeth and jaws for the action.
研究表明，咀嚼需要的能量消耗量也可以解释为什么我们为了咀嚼而发展出如此强壮的牙齿和颌部。
《本期内容》
双语阅读
In a study published Tuesday in the journal Cell Reports, Dr. Esteller and his team recruited 32 pairs of look-alikes from Mr. Brunelle’s photographs to take DNA tests and complete questionnaires about their lifestyles. The researchers used facial recognition software to quantify the similarities between the participants’ faces. Sixteen of those 32 pairs achieved similar overall scores to identical twins analyzed by the same software. The researchers then compared the DNA of these 16 pairs ofdoppelgängersto see if their DNA was as similar as their faces.
周二发表在《细胞报告》期刊上的一项研究中，埃斯特勒和他的团队从布鲁内尔的摄影活动中招募了32对长得很像的人进行DNA测试，并完成有关他们生活方式的问卷调查。研究人员使用面部识别软件来量化参与者面部的相似性。在这32对参与者中，有16对的总体得分与使用同一软件分析的同卵双胞胎相似。然后，研究人员比较了这16对二重身的DNA，研究他们的DNA是否和他们的外貌一样相似。
Dr. Esteller found that the 16 pairs who were “true” look-alikes shared significantly more of their genes than the other 16 pairs that the software deemed less similar. “These people really look alike because they share important parts of thegenome, or the DNA sequence,” he said. That people who look more alike have more genes in common “would seem likecommon sense, but never had been shown,” he added.
埃斯特勒发现，与软件认为不太相似的另外16对参与者相比，16对相貌“真正”相似的参与者的基因共享程度要高得多。“这些人看起来真的很像，因为他们拥有同样的基因组或DNA序列的重要部分，”他说。长得更像的人拥有更多的共同基因，“这似乎是常识，但从来没有被证明过，”他补充说。
However, DNA alone doesn’t tell the whole story of our makeup. Our lived experiences, and those of our ancestors, influence which of our genes are switched on or off — what scientists call ourepigenomes. And our microbiome, our microscopic co-pilot made up of bacteria, fungi and viruses, is further influenced by our environment. Dr. Esteller found that while the doppelgängers’ genomes were similar, their epigenomes and microbiomes were different. “Genetics put them together, and epigenetics and microbiomepulls them apart,” he said.
然而，DNA本身并不能说明我们身体的全部情况。我们的生活经历，以及我们祖先的生活经历，会影响我们基因的开启或关闭——科学家称之为我们的表观基因组。我们身体中的的微生物组——由细菌、真菌和病毒组成的微观副驾驶——进一步受到环境的影响。埃斯特勒发现，虽然二重身的基因组很相似，但他们的表观基因组和微生物组却不同。“遗传学把他们放在一起，表观遗传学和微生物组则把他们分开，”他说。
This discrepancy tells us that the pairs’ similar appearances have more to do with their DNA than with the environments they grew up in. That surprised Dr. Esteller, who had expected to see a bigger environmental influence. Because the doppelgängers’ appearances are more attributable to shared genes than shared life experiences, that means that, to some extent, their similarities are just the luck of the draw,spurred onby population growth. There are, after all, only so many ways to build a face.
这种差异告诉我们，外表相似的两人更多与其DNA有关，而不是与成长环境有关。这让埃斯特勒感到惊讶，他原本预计会看到更大的环境影响。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~毕竟，长相的生成模式只有那么多。
Dr. Esteller is hopeful that the study’s findings will help doctors diagnose illness in the future — if people have similar enough genes to look alike, they might share predilections for diseases too. Dr. Esteller also suggested that there could be links between facial features and behavioral patterns, and that the study’s findings might one day aidforensicscience by providing a glimpse of the faces of criminal suspects known only from DNA samples.
埃斯特勒希望该研究结果能在未来有助于医生诊断疾病——如果人们的基因相似到长相也相似，那或许他们的易患疾病也是相同的。埃斯特勒还表示，面部特征和行为模式之间可能存在联系，该研究结果或许也能在未来助力司法科学研究，仅靠DNA样本就能一窥犯罪嫌疑人的长相。
本文节选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）
发布时间：2022.08.24
作者：KATE GOLEBIEWSKI, FRANÇOIS BRUNELLE
原文标题：Your Doppelgänger Is Out There and You Probably Share DNA With Them
词汇积累
1.doppelgängers
美/ ˈdɑːplɡæŋər; ˈdɑːplɡeŋər /
n.外表非常相似的人；（与某人外表非常相似的）幽灵；姓名相同的人；另一个自我，二重身（德语）
2.genome
英/ ˈdʒiːnəʊm /美/ ˈdʒiːnoʊm /
n.基因组，染色体组
3.epigenome
英/ ˈepaɪdʒənəm /美/ ˈepaɪdʒənəm /
表观基因组
4.forensic
英/ fəˈrenzɪk /美/ fəˈrenzɪk /
adj.法医的；法院的；辩论的；适于法庭的
n.司法鉴定手段；司法鉴定部门
词组搭配
1.common sense 常识
2.pull apart 撕开；扯断
3.spur on 驱使；鼓励；飞驰
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